Özet
Dayanak
Mikroalgler; hızlı büyüme oranları, yüksek fotosentetik verimlilikleri ve önemli miktarda karbonhidrat biriktirme yetenekleri nedeniyle üçüncü nesil biyoetanol üretimi için önemli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Tarımsal gıda ürünlerinin aksine, mikroalgler tarıma elverişli olmayan arazilerde, tuzlu su veya atık su kaynakları kullanılarak yetiştirilebilir; bu sayede gıda ürünleriyle rekabetten kaçınılır. Ayrıca, düşük lignin içeriğine sahip hücre duvarı yapıları, daha ılımlı ön işlem koşullarına ve daha verimli bir enzimatik hidrolize olanak tanır, bu da sonuç olarak şeker üretiminin artmasına ve daha yüksek etanol verimine yol açar. Ek olarak, mikroalg tabanlı biyoetanol üretimi, CO2 fiksasyonu yoluyla karbondioksit azaltımına katkıda bulunarak sürecin genel çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini artırır. Bahsedilen bu nedenlerden dolayı, mevcut çalışmada üçüncü nesil biyoetanol üretimi için hammadde olarak Chlorella vulgaris biyokütlesi kullanılmıştır.
Amaçlar
Bu çalışmanın amacı, evsel gıda atıklarından yararlanarak üçüncü nesil biyoetanol üretimi için sürdürülebilir ve entegre bir süreç geliştirmektir. Araştırma spesifik olarak şu konulara odaklanmaktadır: ZnO (Çinko Oksit) nanopartiküllerinin fermantasyon süreci üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması; nanopartikül katalizörlerin varlığındaC. boidinii mayasının performansının değerlendirilmesi; C. boidinii ile verimli mikroalgal büyüme ve artırılmış biyoetanol üretimi sağlamak için kültivasyon koşullarının optimize edilmesi, ön işlem yöntemleri (%1 H2SO4 ve %1 NaOH), biyokütle yüklemesi (50, 100, 200 g/L) ve besiyeri bileşimi gibi temel parametrelerin etanol verimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi.
Yöntemler
Bu çalışmada, C. vulgaris biyoetanol için hammadde olarak kullanılmış ve mikroalg yetiştirme koşulları (fotoototrofik, glikozlu fotoheterotrofik ve havuç posası ile fotoheterotrofik), ön işlem türü (1% H2SO4 ve 1% NaOH), biyokütle yüklemesi (50, 100 ve 200 g/L) ve besin takviyesi (Ortam 1 ve Ortam 2) gibi önemli parametreler optimize edilmiştir.
Bulgular
Candida boidinii, sırasıyla 3,29 ± 0,14 g/L ve 0,26 ± 0,01 g/L.h ile en yüksek biyoetanol üretimi ve verimliliğini sergilemiştir. Orta 1 uygulandığında, biyoetanol konsantrasyonu ve verimliliği sırasıyla 4,54 ± 0,18 g/L ve 0,38 ± 0,01 g/L.h’ye yükseldi.
Sonuç
Bu bulgular, C. vulgaris’ten elde edilen fermente edilebilir şekerlerin C. boidinii tarafından üçüncü nesil biyoetanola etkili bir şekilde dönüştürülebileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
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